Narrative and Representation - key theory 2

Narrative and Representation 


Key Theory 2 - Narratology - Tvetan Todorv 

  • Todorov's theory is that within narrative, the power is in a state of equilibrium (balance). As the story progresses the state of equilibrium can change and develop into something new.
  • Each narrative should start with an initial equilibrium. However, the equilibrium is changed after a disruption, resulting in a disequilibrium. The old equilibrium is broken, and therefore a new one must begin. This will repeat during the narrative until we reach a final equilibrium.                                                                        
A linear narrative is one that follows a line from the beginning to the end.

A non-linear narrative is one that doesn't follow a line from the beginning to the end - it goes back and forth and not chronologically ordered. 

John Lewis -Christmas penguin advert 


How is the narrative created through the narrative?
  • Narrative of a young boys lead up to Christmas
  • This specific narrative is linear narrative, told in the present and leads up right until the end.
  • Montage on intimate, sentimental moments between the boy and the penguin. This allows the audience to create a bond with this relationship and sympathise  
Can you apply Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium?
  • At the beginning the relationship between the penguin and the young boy is very good and they are close, but as the penguin realises he wants to 'find love', the balance/equilibrium is broken, but then at the end there is a new equilibrium as a new penguin is introduced.
Is the narrative linear or Non-linear? and why? 
  • This narrative is linear, follows from the very beginning (lead up to Christmas day, up until presents are opened on Christmas day). 
Intertextual references?
  • There is a small reference to Pingu at the very beginning, this conveys a sense of childhood and family to the audience. This emphasises the sentimental moments shared. 

Guardian advert - The three little pigs 
How is the narrative created through the narrative?
  • Narrative is the guardian trying to use intertextual references (the classic childhood story of the 'Three little pigs' ) and sarcastic/over dramatic humour to create this story.
  • This Narrative is set up like a real crime investigation as if it's like real life investigation. Because there was exaggerated converge on this event, the audience will be persuaded to read the guardian for real life investigations/cases.  
Any binary oppositions?
  • There is binary oppositions between childhood fantasy and world which is conflicted the real world in England. This creates humour because the audience know that this is very unrealistic and overdramatic, by bringing the fictional into the world. This almost makes the 'classic ideal' childhood story appear much darker than what we would already know from our childhood. 
Can you apply Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium?
    • This specific narrative for the guardian goes against our typical knowledge of the childhood nursery rhyme and goes straight into darkening the narrative.
    • At the beginning the three little pigs are living fine without being conflicted, until the first pig has to go into custody for 'framing the wolf'.
    Intertextual references?

    • There is a major reference to the classic nursery rhyme of the three little pigs.
    • This is well-known and used to intrigue the audience, however it goes against what there knowledge is of this. 






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